How Science Gets Done
The long quest to stop the human immunodeficiency virus offers an instructive example.
By Melissa Hartman • Illustration by Dung Hoang
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1983
Scientists identify virus that causes AIDS
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1987
FDA approves AZT
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1996
HAART hits the market
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1997
U.S. AIDS deaths decline by 42%
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2003
President Bush announces creation of PEPFAR
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2010
A record 5.25 million people receive HIV treatment in LMICs
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2012
FDA approves Truvada for PrEP
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2021
FDA approves long-acting injectables for PrEP and HIV treatment
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2024
Twice-yearly injectable PrEP found 100% effective at preventing HIV acquisition
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2025
Congress misses deadline to renew PEPFAR